{
  "$schema": "https://ps-wiki.github.io/schema/v1/term.schema.json",
  "id": "cascading-outage",
  "title": "Cascading Outage",
  "description": "A sequence of events in which an initial disturbance triggers dependent component outages.",
  "language": "en",
  "tags": [
    "event",
    "ieee-working-group"
  ],
  "related": [
    "cascading"
  ],
  "breaking": false,
  "dates": {
    "created": "2025-06-17",
    "last_modified": "2025-06-20"
  },
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Jinning Wang",
      "url": "https://jinningwang.github.io"
    }
  ],
  "content": {
    "sections": [
      {
        "order": 1,
        "id": "definition-by-an-ieee-working-group",
        "title": "Definition by an IEEE Working Group",
        "type": "definition",
        "source_keys": [
          "ieee2014cascading"
        ],
        "page": null,
        "body_md": "> A cascading outage is a sequence of events in which an initial disturbance, or a set of disturbances, triggers a sequence of one or more dependent component outages:\n>\n> - In some cases they halt before the sequence results in the interruption of electricity service\n> - In many case, cascading outages have resulted in massive disruptions to electricity service: Northeast blackouts in 1965 and 2003, New York City blackout in 1977, two WECC blackouts in 1996, Brazil blackout in 2009, WECC blackout in 2011, etc\n"
      }
    ]
  }
}